除了汉语之外，还有哪种语言拥有相对丰富的文化底蕴和内涵？

所谓“古典语言”（classical languages）就是有文化重要性的那些语言，一般来说，都拥有大量文献或典籍。

英文维基百科“古典语言”词条中列的都算符合题目要求的语言——

Antiquity

• Classical Sumerian (literary language of Sumer, c. 26th to 23rd centuries BC)
• Middle Egyptian (literary language of Ancient Egypt from c. the 20th century BC to the 4th century AD)
• Old Babylonian (The Akkadian language from c. 20th to 16th centuries BC, the imitated standard for later literary works)
• Middle Assyrian (The Akkadian language from c. 16th to 13th centuries BC)
• Vedic Sanskrit (The form of Sanskrit before Classical standardization was used in Vedic texts from c. 15th to 10th centuries BC)
• Classical Hebrew (the language of the Tanakh, in particular of the prophetic books of c. the 7th and 6th centuries BC)
• Classical Aramaic (the administrative language of the Achaemenid Empire, 6th to 4th centuries BC)
• Classical Chinese (based on the literary language of the Zhou Dynasty from c. the 5th century BC)
• Classical Greek (Attic dialect of the 5th century BC)
• Classical Sanskrit (later described by Pāṇini's Ashtadhyayi, but used since c. 8th century BC in post-Vedic texts)[4] [5]
• Classical Tamil (Sangam literature c. 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD, defined by Tolkāppiyam)[6]
• Classical Pali (Buddhist Canon used this language from 2nd centuries BC)
• Classical Latin (literary language of the 1st century BC)
• Classical Mandaic (literary Aramaic of Mandaeism, 1st century AD)
• Classical Syriac (literary Aramaic of the Syriac Christianity, 3rd to 5th centuries)
• Middle Persian (court language of the Sassanid Empire, 3rd to 7th centuries)
• Classical Coptic (language of Egypt and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, 3rd to 13th centuries, liturgical language to the present day)

Middle Ages

• Ge'ez (language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the Garima Gospels are dated from the 5th century to the 10th century by various scholars)
• Classical Armenian (oldest attested form of Armenian from the 5th century and literary language until the 18th century)
• Classical Arabic (based on the language of the Qur'an, 7th century to present)
• Classical Kannada (court language of Rashtrakuta empire, earliest available literary work is the Kavirājamārga of 850 AD)[7]
• Old Saxon (language of Saxon Christian literature, 9th to 12th centuries)
• Old English (language of Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle with many divergent written dialects, but partially standardized in West Saxon form)
• Old French (language of Chivalric romance, 8th to 14th centuries)
• Old Georgian (language of Georgia, 5th to 11th centuries.)
• Old East Slavic (language of the Kievan Rus', 9th to 13th centuries)
• Angkorian Old Khmer (language of the Khmer Empire, 9th to 14th centuries)
• New Persian (language of classical Persian literature, 9th to present)
• Old Nubian (language of Nubia, 9th or 10th to 15th centuries)
• Old Bulgarian (language of the First Bulgarian Empire during its Golden Age, 10th century, earliest manuscript is Freising manuscripts)
• Classical Tibetan (religious and literary language of Tibet, 10th century to present)
• Classical Japanese (language of Heian period literature, 10th to 12th centuries)
• Middle Korean (language of Koryeo and Joseon, 10th to 16th centuries)
• Classical Occitan (language of the troubadours, 11th to 14th centuries)
• Classical Tagalog (Language of the Mai State, Kingdom of Tondo, central and entire Southern Luzon during the Classical Period-c 900 AD-14th century)[8]
• Middle High German (language of Medieval German literature, 11th to 14th centuries)
• Old Serbian (language of Serbia before its conquest by the Ottoman Empire, 11th to 14th centuries)
• Classical Telugu (The earliest available literary work is the Telugu Mahabharata, 1067 AD)
• Classical Malayalam (The earliest extant prose work is the Ramacharitam, 12th century)[9]
• Old Norse (language of the Viking Age, from the 12th century)
• Middle Bulgarian (language of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 12th to 15th centuries)
• Middle Low German (language of the Hanseatic League, 12th to 17th centuries)
• Classical Icelandic (the language of the Icelandic sagas, 13th century)
• Classical Catalan (language of literature in Aragon, 13th to 14th centuries)
• Classical Manding (language of the Mali Empire, 13th to 16th centuries)
• Old Ruthenian (one language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 13th to 16th centuries)
• Old Anatolian Turkish (11th to 15th centuries)
• Classical Ge'ez (language of Golden Age of Ge'ez literature, 13th to 16th centuries)
• Classical Irish or Classical Gaelic (language of the 13th to 18th centuries Scottish and Irish Gaelic literature)
• Classical Wolof (language of the Wolof Empire, 13th to 19th centuries)
• Middle English (language of The Canterbury Tales, 14th to 15th centuries, with many divergent written dialects, but partially standardized based on London speech)
• Middle French (language of the French Renaissance, 14th to 17th centuries)
• Classical Hungarian (language of Hungarian literature, 14th to 15th centuries)
• Classical Songhai (lingua franca of the Songhai Empire, 14th to 16th centuries)
• Early New High German (language of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation, 14th to 17th centuries)
• Classical Malay (language of Maritime Southeast Asia, 14th to 18th centuries)
• Middle Oriya (language of Odia literature, 14th to 19th centuries)
• Chagatai (classical Turkic language of Central Asia and the Volga, 14th to early 20th centuries)

Pre-Colonial Americas

• Classical Maya (the language of the mature Maya civilization, 3rd to 9th centuries)
• Classical Quechua (lingua franca of the 16th century Inca Empire)
• Classical Nahuatl (lingua franca of 16th century central Mexico)
• Classical K'iche' (language of 16th century Guatemala)
• Classical Tupi (language of 16th to 18th centuries Brazil)
• Classical Mapuche (language of 16th to 19th centuries Chile)
• Chinook Jargon (trade language of Native American tribes of the Pacific Northwest, 19th century)

Early modern period

• Awadhi (lingua franca of Northern India during Mughal rule led to its use by poets, 14th to 18th centuries)
• Renaissance Italian (language of the Italian Renaissance, 15th to 16th centuries)
• Late Old Portuguese (language of Portuguese Golden Age, 15th to 16th centuries)
• Early Modern Spanish (language of the Spanish Golden Age, 15th to 17th centuries)
• Classical Azeri (lingua franca of the Caucasus Mountain region and language of Azeri literature, 15th to 18th centuries)
• Classical Danish (lingua franca of the Kalmar Union and Denmark-Norway from the 15th to the 19th centuries and language of Danish literature from the 16th to the 19th centuries)
• Old Lithuanian (the other language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 16th to 17th centuries)
• Early Modern English (language of KJV Bible and Shakespeare, 16th to 17th centuries)
• Middle Polish (language of the Polish Golden Age, 16th to 18th centuries)
• Classical Ottoman Turkish (language of poetry and administration of the Ottoman empire, 16th to 19th centuries)
• Manchu language (language of the Manchus who ruled China, 16th–20th centuries)
• Early Modern Dutch (language of the Dutch Golden Age, 17th century)
• Early Modern French (language of France under Louis XIV to Napoleon, 17th to 18th centuries)
• Classical Ladino (language of Sephardic Jewish literature, 17th to 19th centuries)
• Classical Russian (language of the Russian Empire, 18th to 19th centuries)
• Classical Mongolian language (the language of Mongolian literature and translations of Tibetan Buddhist religious texts from 1700–1900)
• Modern Bengali (the modern language Bengali from 1820s to 1940s)
• Classical Yiddish (language of the Yiddish Renaissance, 19th–20th centuries)